| Acne and pimples are primarily caused by a combination of factors: excess sebum (oil) production by the sebaceous glands, the buildup of dead skin cells that clog pores, and the presence of the bacteria *Cutibacterium acnes* (formerly *Propionibacterium acnes*) within those clogged pores. Hormonal changes, genetics, certain medications, and even stress can all influence sebum production and contribute to the development of acne. The inflammation associated with pimples results from the body's immune response to the bacteria and clogged pores. Acne and pimples are caused by a combination of factors: - Excess sebum production: Sebum is an oily substance produced by sebaceous glands in the skin. Overproduction of sebum can clog pores.
- Dead skin cells: Dead skin cells accumulate and mix with sebum, further blocking pores and creating a plug.
- Bacteria: Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as *Propionibacterium acnes*) is a bacteria that normally lives on the skin. When pores are clogged, this bacteria thrives and causes inflammation, leading to pimples and acne.
- Hormonal changes: Hormones, particularly androgens (like testosterone), stimulate sebum production. This is why acne is common during puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy.
- Genetics: A family history of acne increases the likelihood of developing it.
- Inflammation: The body's inflammatory response to the clogged pores and bacteria contributes to the redness, swelling, and pain associated with acne.
- Other factors: Certain medications, stress, diet (although the link is less clear-cut than some believe), and certain cosmetics can also contribute to acne.
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