What are the Causes and Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer?

While pinpointing the exact cause of ovarian cancer in any individual is complex, researchers have identified several factors that increase a woman's risk of developing the disease.

Age as a Risk Factor

The majority of ovarian cancers are diagnosed in women over the age of 65. Increasing age is a significant risk factor.

Fertility Drug Use and Ovarian Cancer

Prolonged use of the fertility drug clomiphene citrate has been linked to a slightly increased risk of ovarian cancer. However, the overall risk is still considered low.

Reproductive History and Hormonal Factors

A woman's reproductive history and hormonal factors play a role in ovarian cancer risk. Women who:

• Started menstruating before age 12
• Have never had children (nulliparity)
• Had their first child after age 30
• Experienced menopause after age 50

... may have a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. These factors are thought to be related to the increased lifetime exposure to estrogen.

Dietary Factors and Ovarian Cancer

Dietary habits can influence the risk of ovarian cancer. A diet low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and high in fat, particularly from animal sources, may increase the risk.

Family History and Genetic Predisposition

A strong family history of ovarian cancer, particularly in a mother, sister, or daughter, significantly increases a woman's risk, especially if the relatives developed ovarian cancer at a young age. This suggests a possible genetic predisposition.

History of Breast Cancer

Women with a personal history of breast cancer have an elevated risk of developing ovarian cancer, possibly due to shared genetic mutations or treatment-related factors.

Talcum Powder Use

The use of talcum powder in the genital area or on sanitary napkins has been suggested as a possible risk factor for ovarian cancer. Some studies have indicated that talc particles may migrate to the ovaries and cause inflammation, potentially leading to cancer. More research is needed to definitively establish this link.