How is cancer of the cervix treated?

Cervical Cancer Treatment Options

Treatment for cervical cancer is highly individualized, depending on several factors:

• Tumor location and size
• Cancer stage (extent of spread)
• Patient's age and overall health
• Other individual considerations

Gynecologic oncologists are specialists with expertise in diagnosing and treating cervical cancer. They possess surgical skills in procedures such as radical hysterectomy, pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy, pretreatment surgical staging, and exenterations (for recurrent cases). These oncologists collaborate closely with radiation therapists when radiation is the primary treatment. In those instances, the gynecologic oncologist functions as the patient's primary care oncologist, managing care even after radiation therapy concludes.

Staging Procedures

Accurate staging is crucial for determining the best treatment approach. Staging involves evaluating if and how far the cancer has spread. Common staging procedures include:

• Blood and Urine Tests: Routine tests to assess overall health and organ function.
• Pelvic Exam Under Anesthesia: A thorough examination performed in the operating room while the patient is anesthetized. During this exam, the doctor may perform procedures like cystoscopy and proctosigmoidoscopy.
• Cystoscopy: Visual examination of the bladder using a thin, lighted instrument.
• Proctosigmoidoscopy: Examination of the rectum and lower large intestine using a lighted instrument.

Further Diagnostic Testing

To evaluate potential spread to other organs, such as the bladder, rectum, lymph nodes, or lungs, the doctor may order additional tests:

• Imaging Tests:
  • Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP): A series of x-rays of the kidneys and bladder.
  • Barium Enema: An x-ray of the intestines and rectum using barium.
  • CT or CAT Scan: Detailed images of internal body areas created by combining multiple x-rays.
  • Ultrasonography
  • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)