The history of the United States is vast and multifaceted, with numerous events, eras, and movements that have shaped the nation and its path. Here are some of the major parts of U.S. history that are commonly highlighted:

1. Colonial America and Independence (1607-1783): This period includes the establishment of the first permanent English settlement in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, the various other European colonial endeavors, and the Thirteen Colonies. It culminates in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), leading to independence from Britain with the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
2. The Founding of the United States (1776-1789): The Declaration of Independence in 1776, the Revolutionary War, and the subsequent creation of the U.S. Constitution in 1787, which was ratified in 1788 and went into effect in 1789, establishing the country's new government.
3. Westward Expansion and Manifest Destiny (early 19th century): The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 doubled the size of the United States, and the concept of Manifest Destiny justified the continued expansion westward. This era includes the Trail of Tears, the Texas Revolution, and the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), which further expanded U.S. territory.
4. Civil War and Reconstruction (1861-1877): The Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865 between the Northern states (Union) and the Southern slaveholding states (Confederacy) that seceded, was primarily over the issues of slavery and states' rights. Reconstruction followed, attempting to reintegrate the South into the Union and address the rights of newly freed African Americans.
5. Industrialization and the Gilded Age (late 19th century): A period of rapid industrial growth and economic expansion, as well as significant social and labor issues. The Gilded Age was marked by the rise of big business, significant immigration, and urbanization, but also by stark social inequalities and labor strife.
6. Progressive Era (1890s-1920): A period of social activism and political reform across the United States that aimed to address the problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and corruption in government.
7. World Wars and the Interwar Period (1914-1945): The U.S. played a decisive role in the conclusion of World War I (1917-1918) and emerged as a world power. The interwar period was marked by the Roaring Twenties, the Great Depression, and the New Deal. World War II (1939-1945, with U.S. involvement from 1941) saw the U.S. emerge as one of the leading superpowers.
8. Cold War Era (1947-1991): A period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, which included the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the space race. The era ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
9. Civil Rights Movement (1950s-1960s): A pivotal period of social and political activism aimed at ending racial discrimination and securing legal rights for African Americans. Key figures include Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks.
10. Contemporary America (late 20th century to present): Recent decades have been marked by technological advances, economic globalization, and changing social norms. Significant events include the end of the Cold War, the September 11 attacks in 2001, and the ongoing debates over immigration, healthcare, and climate change.

Each of these parts of U.S. history contains numerous subtopics and complexities, reflecting the diverse and evolving nature of the country.